Americanisms popularized by American presidential politics (II)
7.“Dog-whistle (politics).”Although the expression “dog whistle” traces its origins to Australian English, it was exported to the rest of the world from America. It means the crafty, loaded use of words and imagery in ways that seem harmless and innocent to the general public but that actually sends a special, often racist, message to a […]
7.“Dog-whistle (politics).”Although the expression “dog whistle” traces its origins to Australian English, it was exported to the rest of the world from America. It means the crafty, loaded use of words and imagery in ways that seem harmless and innocent to the general public but that actually sends a special, often racist, message to a select group of people. For instance, Republican candidate Mitt Romney said in a leaked video that “There are 47 percent of the people who will vote for the president no matter what. [They] are dependent upon government … believe that they are victims, … believe the government has a responsibility to care for them, … believe that they are entitled to health care, to food, to housing, to you-name-it — that that’s an entitlement.” Many commentators said he was sending a “dog-whistle message” to people who consider themselves successful, hardworking white people. He was basically saying: look, we are up against black people, the poor, women, veterans, and other marginal groups.
Similarly, just last week, former Alaska governor Sarah Palin, who is a Republican, made a racially coded “dog-whistle” remark against Obama when she criticized his handling of the murder of the late US ambassador to Libya in the following words: “President Obama’s shuck and jive shtick with these Benghazi lies must end.”
The Urban Dictionary, a crowdsourced online dictionary, defines “Shuck and jive” as “the intentionally misleading words and actions that African-Americans would employ in order to deceive racist Euro-Americans in power, both during the period of slavery and afterwards.” In southern United States, “shucking and jiving” has come to denote any kind of misleading and insincere talk that is intended to deceive.
From interaction with my students, I get the sense that the expression is going out of currency. My students said they did not know what it meant until Sarah Palin brought it (back) to the forefront of America’s political lexicon. It is clearly used mostly by older people. It nevertheless signposts dog-whistle politics because, although the general (adult) US population understands it to mean facetiously mendacious talk designed to deceive, it evokes memories of black slaves who told funny lies to avoid punishment from their slave masters. Now connect the dots….
It isn’t only Republicans who use dog-whistle politics, though. Obama sometimes deploys it, too. In 2007, for instance, when Obama addressed a black crowd in South Carolina to refute rumors that he was a secret Muslim, he used coded language that deeply resonated with black Americans but that didn’t raise any red flags among white Americans. “They try to bamboozle you, hoodwink you,” Obama told the crowd. “Bamboozle” and “hoodwink” were popularized in black America by Malcolm X. He used the words to describe the tactics the white establishment and its media used to destroy the credibility of revolutionary black leaders.
AsWilliam Jelani Cobb, a professor at Spelman College in Atlanta, said, “All of us knew that he was referencing Malcolm X, and when he said it, the reaction was instantaneous.”
8. “Liar, liar pants on fire!” This expression is a mocking song that American kids sing in the playground when a playmate is caught in a lie. Some people say the expression is derived from a paraphrase of William Blake’s 1810 poem titled “The Liar.” Other people dispute the accuracy of this claim. Whatever it is, the expression has made its way into America’s political discourse. When a politician is caught in a lie, it is customary for opponents—and the news media— to cry: “Liar, liar pants on fire!” To give just one example, respected Washington Post columnist Eugene Robinson wrote a May 30 2012 column titled,“Romney: Liar, Liar, Pants on Fire.” Note that Americans use “pants” where British (and Nigerian) English speakers would use “trousers.”
9.“Win brownie points”/ “win browning points.”In American English, the term “brownie points” is used to denote praise or favor for a good job. Example: “I won brownie points from my wife for taking care of the kids while she was away.” That expression was creatively contorted recently when Republican candidate Mitt Romney dyed his face brown to appeal to Latino voters (that is, Americans who trace their descent to brown-looking, Spanish-speaking people of South and Central America) during an appearance at Univision’s Presidential Forum. (Univision is the preeminent TV channel of Latino Americans).
A news site remarked that Romney was straining hard to “win browning points.” Note that the original expression is “win brownie points,” which got contorted to “win browning points” because Romney allegedly painted his face “brown” to ingratiate himself with Latino voters. The origin of “win brownie points” is shrouded in mystery, but I do know that Americans call chocolate cakes “brownies.”
10. “Pinocchio.” Pinocchio (pronounced pinokio) is a compulsively lying fictional character in an American children’s novel. It has a short nose, but each time it tells lies its nose grows exaggeratedly long. “Pinocchio” is now used metaphorically in American English to refer to anyone who is fond of lies and exaggerations. Fact-checkers who verify or refute the claims of politicians—a growing journalistic enterprise in the United States—have especially popularized the use of the term in American conversational English. “Romney’s Pinocchio act,” “Barack ‘Pinocchio’ Obama,” etc. are common expressions used to show that either of the presidential candidates is lying. Journalists also hand out “Pinocchio awards” to lying politicians. For instance, the Washington Post, after fact-checking a Romney campaign ad, which it calls the “the Pinocchio test,” concluded that “the Romney campaign earns two Pinocchio for its ‘Dear Daughter’ ad.” It also evaluated one of Obama’s anti-Romney TV ads and gave it four Pinocchios for misrepresentation. Many American news organizations have a “Pinocchio tracker” that evaluates the truth claims of politicians. The news media typically draw politicians with an unnaturally long nose to indicate that they are lying.
11. “Moochers.” A moocher is a freeloader, that is, someone who tries to get something for free, who is allergic to hard work. To mooch is to ask for free stuff, to be a parasite, to be a lazy unproductive beggar. In British English, however, to mooch is to hang around, as in: “We mooched at the pepper soup joint after office hours.” An American would understand that sentence to mean that you begged for pepper soup from patrons at the joint. “Mooch” and “moochers” were thrown around a lot in American popular discourse after Mitt Romney suggested that 47 percent of Americans who depend on “government handouts” and who pay no taxes would never vote for him. Americans erupted in anger and said Romney was calling them “moochers” and “freeloaders,” that is, lazy parasites who depend on government to survive.
12. “Malarkey.”This is an American slang term for “nonsense.” Vice President Joe Biden gave it prominence during the vice presidential debate when he described his opponent’s characterization of Obama’s foreign policyas “a bunch of malarkey.” Shortly after he uttered the word, it was mentioned more than 30,000 times in the space of just one minute on Twitter. It has now gone from being an obscure Americanism to a recognizable term in International English.
To be concluded next week