What is your advice on mouth odour?

Mouth Odour or Bad Breath also called Halitosis is expressed as odour emitted from the oral cavity. Mouth odours are of diagnostic significance. The origin of Mouth Odours may be either oral or extra oral. Some Causes of bad breath are: 1. Retention of bad smelling food particles on or in between the teeth. 2. […]

Mouth Odour or Bad Breath also called Halitosis is expressed as odour emitted from the oral cavity. Mouth odours are of diagnostic significance. The origin of Mouth Odours may be either oral or extra oral.
Some Causes of bad breath are:
1. Retention of bad smelling food particles on or in between the teeth.
2. Retention of food particles may also occur on the tongue, thereby form a coating on the tongue which further results in production of offensive odour.
3. Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis is a condition, in which bad breath is commonly felt.
4. Person suffering from dehydration also suffers from bad breath.
5. Dental Caries is the major causative agent of unpleasant smell from the mouth. In case of caries, there is accumulation of food particles in the tooth cavity, leading to acid production and finally intolerable odour.
6. In case of persons who wear artificial dentures, and do not clean their dentures properly.
7. After extraction of tooth, if the wound is not properly cleaned with ware or mouth rinser, it may lead to development of odours.
8. After any surgery, bad odour may come from the wound.
9. The other extra oral sources of mouth odours include infections or lesions of the respiratory tract including bronchitis, pneumonia and bronchiectasis.
Bad breath should be diagnosed by careful examination of the entire oral cavity. Improve oral hygiene such as regular brushing. If the breath is due to carious lesion, then filling should be done.  Flavoured mouth washes are of great help.

I feel pain in my breast

Whenever my menses is approaching, I always develop breast swelling and pain. Please I need your advice?
Bashira L

What you are experiencing is premenstrual swelling and tenderness of your breasts that occurs during the second half of the menstrual cycle. Symptoms of premenstrual breast tenderness may range from mild to severe. Symptoms typically peak just before each menstrual period and improve immediately after or during the menstrual period.
During the menstrual cycle, estrogen production increases and peaks just prior to midcycle. This causes enlargement of the breast ducts. Premenstrually, progesterone peaks near the 21st day (in a 28-day cycle) and causes growth of the breast lobules (milk glands).
Premenstrual breast tenderness and swelling probably occur to some degree in nearly all women. Symptoms severe enough to cause concern or limit function may occur in many women during their childbearing years. The rate may be lower in women taking birth control pills. Risk factors may include family history, a high-fat diet, and too much caffeine.

Causes
1.Menstrual cycle
2.Estrogen medications
3.Adolescent pregnancy
4.Early pregnancy

Some tips you can use are:
1.Eating a lower fat diet
2.Avoiding caffeine
3.Avoiding salt 1 – 2 weeks before your period starts
4.Daily exercise
5. You can also perform a breast self-examination every month.
6. A well-fitting bra should be worn day and night to provide good breast support.
7. The effectiveness of vitamin E, vitamin B6, and herbal preparations such as evening primrose oil are somewhat controversial and should be discussed with your health care provider.
8. Pills and analgesics may be prescribed to decrease symptoms.

Visit your doctor if
1. You have new, unusual, or changing lumps in breast tissue.
2. You have one-sided (unilateral) lumps in breast tissue.
3. You do not know how to properly perform breast self-examination.
4. You have discharges from your nipple, especially if it is a bloody or brown discharge.
5. Your symptoms are interfering with your ability to sleep, and diet changes and exercise have not helped.