Dabarun ’yan datsa (hackers) da hanyoyin dakile su (2)

Darasi na uku shi ne: “Scanning Networks”, wanda ke bayani kan yadda ake tace kwamfutocin da ke zangon sadarwa na musamman.  Sai mataki na hudu, wato: “Enumeration,” wanda bayan an gama tace bayanai kan kwamfutocin da ke wani gajeren zangon sadarwa, zai tantance maka kwamfutocin da ke kunne, da wadanda suke kashe, da yawan adireshin […]

Darasi na uku shi ne: “Scanning Networks”, wanda ke bayani kan yadda ake tace kwamfutocin da ke zangon sadarwa na musamman.  Sai mataki na hudu, wato: “Enumeration,” wanda bayan an gama tace bayanai kan kwamfutocin da ke wani gajeren zangon sadarwa, zai tantance maka kwamfutocin da ke kunne, da wadanda suke kashe, da yawan adireshin Imel din da ke zangon da dai sauransu.  Sai mataki na biyar: “System Hacking,” wanda ke bayani kan hanyar da ake iya shiga cikin wata kwamfuta, bayan an gama tara bayanan da aka kalato a matakin “Enumeration.”

Sai mataki na shida, wato: “Malware Threats,” bangaren da mai karatu zai koyi yadda ake amfani da kwayoyin cutar kwamfuta masu iya sace bayanai daga kwamfutocin dake wata uwa duniya.  Sai mataki na bakwai, wato: “Sniffing.”  Wannan bangare na bayani ne kan amfani da manhajar sadarwa wajen “sinsino” bayanan sirri da ke gudana ta wani titin sadarwa na musamman.  A darasi na takwas mai take: “Social Engineering,” dalibi zai koyi yadda ake amfani da dabarun magana ne, don kalato bayanan sirri daga abokin magana.  Ko kuma amfani da manhajar sadarwa wajen kalato bayanan sirri daga mutumin da kake magana ko mu’amala dashi a fagen sadarwa, ba tare da ya san kana yin hakan ba.

A mataki na tara mai suna; “Denial-of-Serbice,” za ka koyi tsarin yadda ake darkake kwamfuta ne a hana ta sakat, a ko’ina take a duniya.  Mun yi bayani mai zurfi kan wannan al’ada ta ‘yan Dandatsa a kasida mai taken: “BotNet” ko”Robot Network.”  A darasi na goma ana koya wa dalibi yadda ake yin katsalandan ne a tsakanin kwamfutoci biyu masu aiwatar da sadarwa, ta hanyar karkatar da bayanai daga mai aikawa zuwa dan dandatsa, maimakon zuwa wanda yake jiran bayanan.  Wannan darasi shi ake kira: “Session Hijacking.”  A darasi na goma sha daya, dalibi zai koyi tsarin yadda zai iya barkowa cikin uwar garken gidan yanar sadarwa (Serber) ne. Wannan tsari shi ake kira: “Hacking Web Serbers.”  Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, kowane gidan yanar sadarwa na kunshe ne cikin manhajar uwar garke, wato: “Web Serber,” wadda ke dauke cikin kwamfuta.

Sai mataki na goma sha biyu mai taken: “Hacking Web Applications,” darasi ne da ke karantar da yadda ake iya hawa kowane irin manhaja da ke wani gidan yanar sadarwa a kwamfuta.  Misali, dandalin Facebook na dauke ne da manhajojin sadarwa (wato Web Applications) masu dimbin yawa.  Kusan kowane shafi za ka hau a Facebook, wata manhaja ce ta musamman mai zaman kanta.  Wannan darasi zai koya maka yadda ake barkowa cikin kowace irin manhaja ce da ke Intanet.

A darasi na goma sha-uku, wanda ake kira: “SkL Injection,” dalibi zai koyi yadda ake isa ga rumbun adana bayanai ne da ke gidajen yanar sadarwa mai dauke da zubin “SkL.”  SkL yare ne na adana bayanai a rumbun adana bayanai na kwamfuta, wato: “Database.” Akwai dabaru da ‘yan dandatsa ke amfani da su wajen gano bayanan sirri da ke cikin rumbun adana bayanai, cikin sauki.  Sai darasi na goma sha hudu, wato: “Hacking Wireless Networks.”  Abin da wannan darasi ke karantarwa a fili yake; wato yadda ake iya shiga kowane irin zangon sadarwa na wayar-iska (Wireless Network), irin su “Wi-Fi” kenan.  A matakin gaba da ke darasi na goma sha biyar kuma, za a koya maka yadda ake isa ga wayoyin salula ne masu jone da tsarin sadarwar wayar iska.  Taken darasin shi ne: “Hacking Mobile Platforms.”  Idan mai wayar salula na wani bigire mai dauke da tsarin sadarwar wayar-iska, sai mai wayar ya jona kwamfutarsa, ta amfani da dabarun da ke cikin wannan darasi, kana iya shiga wayarsa ka debi bayanai kai tsaye.

Sai darasi na goma sha-shida, wanda ya kunshi yadda ake iya waske ganuwar tsaro da kamfanoni ke sanyawa a zangon sadarwarsu.  Ma’ana, duk inda kwamfutoci suke ajiye ake amfani dasu wajen aiwatar da sadarwa a cikin gida ko ta Intanet, ana sanya hanyoyin kariya don hana ‘yan ta’adda haurowa.  Wannan darasi mai taken: “Ebading IDS, Firewalls and Honeypots” zai koya maka yadda za ka iya waske wadannan na’urori ne, kai tsaye.  Abin da “IDS” ke nufi shi ne: “Intrusion Detection System.”  Na’ura ce mai iya ganewa da iya toshe masu kokarin shigowa cikin zangon sadarwar da aka ba ta kariya.  “Firewalls” kuma manhaja ce da kowace kwamfuta ke dauke da ita, ita ma tana bayar da kariya ne wajen hana kowace irin manhaja ko kwamfuta aiwatar da sadarwa da kwamfutar da take ba ta kariya.  “Honeypots” kuma tarko ne da ake sanyawa a Intanet, mai dauke da zahirin bayanan sirri a fili, amma ba don Allah aka bayyana su ba.  Da zarar ka rudu da su, kana afkawa shafin don debo su, sai a cafke ka.

Sai darasi na goma sha-bakwai, wato: “Cloud Computing,” wanda ke koya maka yadda za ka iya mu’amala da bayanan da ke wata ma’adana ta tafi-da-gidanka a Intanet.  Wannan tsari dai sabon tsari ne, kuma da shi ne manyan kamfanonin kwamfuta a duniya ke amfani, irin su Facebook, da Google, da Yahoo, da Microsoft.  A darasin karshe, wato darasi na goma sha-takwas kenan, dalibi zai koyi yadda ake layance bayanan sirri ne, da yadda idan ya same su a layance, zai iya kwance su cikin sauki.  Ire-iren wadannan bayanai sun hada da sunaye (usernames) da kalmomin sirri (password) da dai sauransu.  Taken wannan darasi shi ne: “Encryption.”  Yana dauke ne da manyan bangarori biyu: “Encoding” da kuma “Decoding.”

A mako mai zuwa in Allah Ya so, za mu fara kawo bayani a fasalce, dalla-dalla, kan kowanne daga cikinsu. A ci gaba da kasancewa tare da mu.