Hanyoyin magance Satar Zati

Wannan nau’in kwamfuta ta zo ne da tsarin tantance mai mu’amala, wato: “User Authentication,” wanda sai ka shigar da suna da “Password” sannan take budewa. Amma kafin wannan lokaci, masana suka ce asalin fahimtar da ta samar da wanann tsari na shigar da “Password” don tantancewa, ita ce tsarin gane juna ta amfani da kalmomi […]

Wannan nau’in kwamfuta ta zo ne da tsarin tantance mai mu’amala, wato: “User Authentication,” wanda sai ka shigar da suna da “Password” sannan take budewa. Amma kafin wannan lokaci, masana suka ce asalin fahimtar da ta samar da wanann tsari na shigar da “Password” don tantancewa, ita ce tsarin gane juna ta amfani da kalmomi na musmaman. Daga baya wannan fahimta ta samu cikin tsarin gayyata ko shiga wani wuri da ke bukatar gayyata ta musamman. Daga nan aka sake samar da wannan ka’ida wajen tantance masu shiga gidan silima, ta hanyar wasu lambobi ko kalmomi da ake ba su a rubuce, ga duk wanda ya biya kudi ko ya cika ka’idar da ake bukata. Da zarar ya iso kofar shiga, sai a bukaci ya nuna lamba ko kalmar da aka ba shi, don samun damar shiga.

Haka lamarin ya ci gaba da tafiya zuwa sa’ar da aka samar da wancan kwamfuta nau’in CTSS, a cibiyar binciken ilimi ta kasar Amurka mai suna MIT. Wannan nau’in kwamfuta, kamar yadda bayani ya gabata a sama, tana dauke ne da babbar manhaja mai suna: “Time Sharing System,” wadda ke iya bayar da damar sadarwa a tsakanin mutum biyu a lokaci guda. Wannan ita ce babbar manhajar kwamfuta ta farko da aka fara samar da tsarin hirar ga-ni-ga-ka, wato: “Realtime Chatting” da tsarin Imel. Domin da irin wannan babbar manhaja ce babban masani Raymond Tomlinson (Ray Tomlinson) ya fara aika sakon Imel na farko, ta amfani da alamar @, wanda shi ne ake danganta samuwar wannan fasaha ta Imel gare shi a duniya baki daya.

Daga nan aka ci gaba da tsarawa tare da inganta wannan tsari na tantance masu kokarin kaiwa ga bayanai ta hanyar na’ura da hanyoyin sadarwa na zamani, har zuwa wannan lokaci da muke ciki. 

“Password” na dauke ne da rukunai guda uku. Rukunin farko shi ne kalmar da za ayi amfani da ita don wakiltar mai kalmar. Rukuni na biyu shi ne tantancewa. Idan aka samu kalmar “Password” amma ya zama inda ake shigar da ita ba don tantancewa ba ne, ba za a kira wannan kalma da suna “Password” ba. Abin da tantancewa ke nufi a Ingilishi shi ne: “Authentication.” Sai rukuni na uku, wato muhallin da ake shigar da “Password” din; ko dai wata na’ura ce da ke amfani da wata hanyar sadarwa ta zamani wacce ke isar da mai kalmar zuwa kwamfutar da ke dauke da bayanan da ake son isa gare su, ko ita kanta, idan kai-tsaye take shigar da “Password” din. Fahimtar wadannan rukunai na “Password” guda uku tana da muhimmanci sosai.

Nau’ukan “Password”

Kamar sauran tsare-tsare, “Password” na da nau’uka daban-daban dangane da yanayinta. Wasu nau’ukan suna shiga cikin siffofinta. Asali dai, duk wata kalma ko hadakar kalma da ake amfani da ita wajen tantance mai son isa ga wasu bayanai ta hanyoyi da na’urorin sadarwa na zamani ana kiranta “Password” ne. A tare da haka, akwai wacce ke dauke da kalma sama da daya, misali: “garin-garki” ko “kanon-dabo” ko “Abincin_dabba.” Dukan wadannan kalmomi “Password” ne. Amma saboda sun kunshi kalmomi sama da daya, don wakiltar “Password” daya, a fannin kimiyya da fasahar kariyar bayanai na zamani ana kiran su: “Passphrase” ne. Idan kalmar “Password” ta kunshi lambobi kadai, wadanda ke da iya adadi (kamar 4 ko 6 kadai), su kuma ana kiransu: “Passcord” ko “Passkey.”  Shahararren sunan da aka sansu da shi shi ne: “Personal Identification Number” ko “PIN” a gajarce.  

Nau’ukan “Password” da suka kunshi lambobi kadai ana amfani da su ne ta hanyar wayoyin salula. Kuma lambobi ne; babu haruffa sannan babu wasu alamomin rubutu a cikinsu. Kamar kalmomin tsare wayar salula, duk lambobi ne. Kuma adadinsu ba ya wuce 4 zuwa 6. Wannan ya faru ne sanadiyyar kuncin muhalli da allon shigar da bayanansu (Onscreen keyboard) ke fama da shi

Yadda muke zabar Password

A matsayinmu na masu mu’amala da hanyoyi da kayayyakin sadarwa na zamani masu bukatar “Password,” ta yaya muke zabar “Password”? Wannan tambaya tana da muhimmanci musamman idan muka yi la’akari da yawaita da kuma maimaituwar mu’amalar da muke yi da wadannan na’urori. Kadan ne cikin masu mu’amala da su wadanda za a iya kebancewa da ba su mallaki “Password” ba. Amma kashi 90 cikin 100 za ka samu sun mallaka, musamman wadanda ke amfani da wayar salula wajen shiga shafukansu da ke dandalin abota irin su: “Facebook” da “Twitter” da “Youtube” da sauransu.

Kasancewar “Password” wani abu ne da dole sai ka shigar kafin a ba ka damar aiwatar da abin da kake son aiwatarwa, ya sa dole ga mai shi ya haddace shi. Tunda kuwa ya shafi haddacewa ne, ba kowa ke iya hararo abin da ya haddace lokaci guda ba, musamman idan ba yawan tu’ammali yake yi da shi ba. Misali, mutumin da ba ya amfani da “Password” dinsa sai sau daya a mako, zai fi saurin mancewa idan aka hada shi da wanda a kullum sai ya shigar da “Password” dinsa a shafi don samun shiga. A bangare na biyu kuma, akwai dalilan mantuwa. Wadansu duk gajartar “Password” dinsu suna iya mancewa, a yayin da wadansu kuma duk tsawonsa, zai yi wahala su mance. Wadannan dalilai ne guda biyu da ke taimaka wa masu tu’ammali da “Password” wajen zabarsa; mai tsawo ne ko gajere, mai saukin haddacewa ne ko mai tsauri.

Galibin masu zabar “Password” sun fi yin amfani da sunaye. Ko dai sunansu, ko na mahaifansu, ko ’ya’yansu, ko wadansu daga cikin danginsu. Wadannan su ne kaso mafi yawa daga cikin masu amfani da sunaye a matsayin “Password.” Mata: ’Yan mata da matan aure da zawarawa musamman a Arewacin Najeriya, na cikin wannan rukuni.  Masu kokari daga cikinsu ne ke kara lamba ko lambobi a gaban sunayensu don mayar da shi “Password.” Misali, kana iya ganin “Password” kamar haka: “jummai1” ko “hadiza21” ko “hajiya” ko “jummala” ko “talatu” ko “ibrahim00” ko “baballe” ko “ainau1” ko “zariya” ko “kanondabo” ko “katsina” ko “birninshehu,” duk a matsayin “Password.” Bahaushe dan Dandatsa (Hacker) ba zai sha wahala ba wajen sace ire-iren wadannan “Password” din, saboda saukinsu da zamansu “gama-gari.”

Wadansu kuma sukan yi amfani da lambobi ne zalla. Misali, kwanan watan haihuwarsu, ko lambar wayarsu, ko lambar gidansu, ko lambar motarsu, ko su jirkita lambar wayarsu daga karshe zuwa farko, ko su cire lambobi uku na farkon lambarsu su bar sauran da sauran dabaru, duk a matsayin “Password.” A wasu lokuta kuma sukan yi amfani da lamba daya zuwa goma (1 – 10) a matsayin “Password.”  Wadansu kuma su yi amfani da lamba daya zuwa shida (1 – 6) ko bakwai (1 – 7) ko takwas (1 – 8), duk dai a matsayin “Password.”

Idan muka koma bangaren harkokin rayuwa ma mutane kan yi amfani da bayanan da suka dangance su ko suke sha’awa ko so, don mayar da su “Password.” Misali, a addinance, galibin daliban ilimin addini musamman mata da matasa kan yi amfani da kalmomi irin su: “yaasalaam” da “assalamualaikum” da “yaaAllah” da “subhaanallah” ko “alhamdulillah” ko wata kalma makamanciyar wadannan. A wani bangaren kuma wadansu kan yi amfani da sunayen gwarazansu a rayuwa, kamar a fagen addini ko fina-finai. Ba abin mamaki ba ne ka ga matashi ko matashiya ta sa “Password” mai suna “alinuhu” ko “sanidanja” ko “safiyamusa” ko ma sunan fim na musamman, kamar: “0karni2” ko “masoyanzamani” ko “katanga” ko wani suna makamancin haka.  

Wadansu kuma kan yi amfani da kalmomin Ingilishi da suka shafi muradunsu a matsayin “Password.” Wannan ya fi shahara a bangaren ’yan mata da ke soyayya da samarinsu. Irin wannan za ka ga “Password” din mace a matsayin: “myheart” ko “mylobe” ko “ineedyou” ko “iwantyou” ko kuma, a mafi yawancin lokuta, kana iya cin karo da mafi girman suna: “sweetheart” ko “sweetapples” ko “mycutie” da dai sauransu. Babban abin dariya, wasu kalmomin “Password” din ma’anarsu sai wanda ya sa su. Kana iya cin karo da “Password” din matashi kamar su: “londonguy” ko “followme” ko “jirginmasoya” ko kuma “fezbuk,” duk akwai su. Wani lamarin sai ya ba ka dariya. daya daga cikin kalmomin da aka fi amfani da su a baya a duniya baki daya ita ce kalmar: “password” din ita kanta.