Martani kan tarihin Kurama

Kafin mu mayar da martani a kan kagaggen tarihin da Kurama suka wallafa a wannan jaridar ta ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2017 da sunan martani ga tarihin Masarautar Lere da wannan jarida ta ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2017 ta buga, muna so mu nuna wa mai karatu cewa tarihi wani fanni ne na ilimi wanda […]

Kafin mu mayar da martani a kan kagaggen tarihin da Kurama suka wallafa a wannan jaridar ta ranar 8 ga Disamba, 2017 da sunan martani ga tarihin Masarautar Lere da wannan jarida ta ranar 3 ga Nuwamba, 2017 ta buga, muna so mu nuna wa mai karatu cewa tarihi wani fanni ne na ilimi wanda ke bukatar masana kwararru. Kuma ba a sa son zuciya, sannan akwai bukatar fashin baki a kansa da nufin sanar da al’umma ilimin tarihi ingantacce ba irin wanda mai magana da yawun kabilar Kurama Mista Dauda N.Barau ya yi ba. Domin ya yi kokarin gurbata tarihi wanda ya zama wajibi mu yi wa al’umma tambihi a kan sukar da ya yi wa tarihin Lere da ke Jihar Kaduna. 

Duk al’ummar Najeriya sun san tarihi da yanayin zamantakewa tsakanin jama’ar da ke makwabtaka da kabilar Kurama da ke karamar Hukumar Lere ta Jihar Kaduna, da babu bukatar mu yi martani. Ya tabbata lallai bai san ainihin tarihin kabilar Kurama ba ballatana na masu makwabtaka da su; ko kuma ya sani amma son zuciya ya karkatar da shi. Mai karatu zai fahimci haka a wurare kamar haka a cikin tarihin Kurama da ya rubuta.

A ikirarin Dauda N. Barau, Kurama sun mallaki kasa mai fadi. A wadannan wurare da Kurama suke ikirarin mamayewa akwai wadansu kabilu kamar su Jere da Buji da Amo da Chikobo da Janji (Azoko) da Piti da Riban da Chawai da Binawa da Gure da Kahugu da sauransu wandanda sun fi su tarihi da nasaba. Sannan kabilar Kurama suna nufin cewa sun mallaki al’ummar Musulmi a Masarautar Lere ne, a cikin Daular Usmaniyya da na Masarautar Zazzau? Wannan kambama kai ne wanda ba ya da gurbi sam. 

Marubuta tarihi sun kawo a littatafansu cewa Masarautar Lere ita take mallakar yankin Kudu maso Gabashin kasar Zazzau daga shekarar 1808. Wannan sanannen al’amari ne a wurin masana tarihi, kuma Masarautar Lere an tabbatar da ita a matsayin masarauta mai kwarya-kwaryar iko (bassal State) a karkashin Masarautar Zazzau ta Daular Usmaniya a shekara 1808 kamar yadda yake a littafin masana tarihi kamar su, M.G. Smith (Gobernment in Zazzau, shafi 140); H.A.S Johnston (The Fulani Empire of Sokoto, shafi 72); S.J. Hogben (An Introduction to the History of Islamic States of Northern Nigeria, shafi 121 da na 122); S.J. Hogben da A.H.M. Kirk Greene (The Emirates of Northern Nigeria, shafi na 220, 225 da 232); E.J. Arnett, Zaria Gazetteer (1920); J. Spencer Trimingham (A History of Islam in West Africa, 1962 shafi 205), inda suka rubuta cewa Masarautar Lere tana daya daga cikin masarautu masu sarautar gado (hereditary bassals) a Zazzau guda goma kamar haka – Lere, Keffi, Jema’a, Nasarawa, Kauru, Kajuru, Durum, Fatika, Lapai da Doma. Kuma wadannan masarautu duka suna da hurumin kasa. Fadin kasar Leren Zazzau kamar yadda Shehu Usman dan Fodiyo ya yanka ta yi iyaka da tsaunukan Lame da ke yankin Toro, ta gabashi; ta Kudu ta yi iyaka da Kogin Dilimi (wato Farar gadar Jos a yau), ta yamma ta yi iyaka da tsaunukan Kauru da Surubu ta Arewa kuma ta yi iyaka da Riruwai ta kasar Kano. Saboda haka da’awar da Kurama suke yi game da mallakar kasa kirkira suka yi kawai. Ita masaruatar Lere bayan kafuwarta a 1808, an danka mata garurruwan kabilu daban-daban. Su ne Limoro, Sanga, Sheni, Cikobo, Buji, Amo, Ziriya, Amagulu, Gura, Babban Saura, Taura, Kayam da Gusu. Da ga baya ne al’ummar Piti, Rukuba, Ruruma, Janji, Kahugu, Gure da Kurama suka shigo kasar Leren Zazzau. Garruruwan Hausawa da Fulani da suke cikin kasar Lere bayan jihadi sun hada da dan Alhaji, Lazuru, Tudai, Juran Kari, Gasakora, Kargi, Jama’ar Iya da sauransu.    

Masana tarihi sun yi amanna cewa duk kabilun da ke zaune a yankin tsakiyar Arewacin Najeriya ba su da tsari na sarauta irin wadda aka sani. Wadannan kabilu ba su taba gudanar da mulki irin na sarauta ba, sai dai Masarautar Zazzau ta mulke su, inda Sarkin Zazzau yakan nada jakadu daga cikin amintattun hadimansa  ko barorinsa domin gudanar da mulki a garurruwan. An tura Iyan Kurama Kudaru wajen da Kuraman suke. Cewa wai Iyan Kurama wani babban mukami ne daidai da su Wambai da Madaki da Galadima a Zazzau, hasashe ne kawai. 

Da’awar cewa suna da shiryayyen tsarin mulki kafin zuwan Turawan mulkin mallaka ba ya da tushe.  A kasidarsa game da kabilar Kurama a 1958, George Peter Mudock ya rubuto cewa Kurama ba su da wani tsari na mulki wanda ya dara shugabanin unguwanni da tungaye da kuma shugabannin tsafi. Ya kuma kara da cewa Sarkin Zazzau ne yake gudanar da mulkin al’ummar Kurama kai-tsaye tare da yin amfani da jakadu irin su Iyan Kurama. Shi ma a nasa kasidar mai suna “Peoples of the Plateau Area of Northern Nigeria” (1953), H.D. Gunn ya ruwaito cewa al’ummar Kurama da na Azura baki ne, sun shigo yankin Kudu maso Gabashin Zazzau ne a karshen karni na 19. Sannan mawallafan tarihi kamar su C.K. Meek da Ferfesa John Ningel sun ambato Kurama kan kasancewarsu babbar kabila a cikin kabilun da suka mamaye wani yanki a Kudu maso gabashin Zazzau amma ba a matsayin masarauta ba da suke ikirari. 

Mista Dauda ya ce, zuwan Turawa ya kawo wa al’ummar Kurama koma baya a siyasance musamman lokacin da aka kirkiro Lardin Zazzau a 1902 kuma ya kawo raba kasar Kurama zuwa gundumomi guda uku a 1907, a lokacin da aka kirkiro gundumomin Kudaru, Garun Kurama da Lere. Wannan magana kirkira ce kawai saboda yankin masarautar Lere ne aka raba gida uku (Lere, Kudaru da Garu) bayan Turawan mulkin mallaka sun rusa tsohon tsari na kananan masarautu (bassalage system) tare da kirkiro larduna da gundumomi a 1907. 

A nan ya kamata mai karatu ya kula cewa lokacin da Lere take matsayin masarauta (bassal State), al’ummar Kurama ba su da ko dagaci guda daya. Saboda haka ba gaskiya ba ce su ce Kurama sun samu koma baya a siyasance lokacin da aka kirkiro Lardin Zazzau a 1907. Babu wata koma baya da suka samu. Idan mai karatu ya lura da kyau ai masarautar Lere ce ta samu koma baya saboda an yanka kasarta gida uku kuma aka rage darajarta zuwa gunduma, sabanin yadda yake a wasu wuraren kamar takwarorinta irin su Keffi, Nasarawa da Jema’a wadanda aka maishe su kananan larduna. Bayan rasuwar Sarkin Lere Muhammadu dankaka a 1907 sai masarautar Zazzau ta rika turo hakimai daga Zariya sabanin yadda yake a tsari cewa duk masarautun gado (hereditary bassal states) su rike hakimcin gundumominsu. Wato Lere da Fatika su ne kawai aka bata wa tsari a cikin masarautun da suka saura a Lardin Zazzau. Sarakunan Kauru da Kajuru da Kagarko da Chawai aka bar su da hakimcin gundumominsu (A duba E.J. Arnett, Zaria Gazetteer, 1920; SNP7/NAK/ZARPROF/563/1908 Annual Report Zaria Probince, 1907; M. G. Smith, Gobernment in Zazzau, shafi na 246-248. A  1920 an kara rage darajar masu gadon masarautar Lere zuwa dagaci, aka fara turo hakimi daga Zariya, sannan kuma a 1933 aka kirkiro wasu dagatai daga cikin masarautar Lere kamar su Kayarda, Sheni, Sigau, Domawa, Sabon Birni, Ukissa, Kakun Kurama da Saminaka. A wannan lokacin ne al’ummar Kurama suka fara samun dagaci guda biyu wato Kakun Kurama da Ukissa.

Maganar cewa Walin Zazzau Umaru ne Hakimin Gundumar Lere na farko ya kara tabbatar da cewa Kurama ba su san tarihin yankin da suke da’awa sun riga kowa zama a cikinsa ba. Domin a 1907 masarautar Zazzau ta turo Sarkin Ruwa Sallau wai a matsayin hakimi amma hakan bai tabbata ba saboda mutanen Lere sun yi masa bore. Bayan haka sai aka turo dangaladiman Zazzau Abbas daga Zariya a matsayin mai sa ido a harkokin Gundumar Lere daga 1907 zuwa 1918. Amma Walin Zazzau Malam Halliru (1920 zuwa 1925) ne ya fara zama Hakimin Lere a  1920 bayan rage gundumomi da ke Lardin Zazzau da ga 32 zuwa 27 sai aka rusa Gundumar Kudaru da Garu aka mayar da su  karkashin Gundumar Lere. Bayan Walin Zazzau Malam Halliru sai Walin Zazzau Umaru daga 1925 zuwa 1946 sannan ya sake dawowa hakimcin Lere daga 1951 zuwa 1968. 

Har ila yau, maganar da Kurama ke fadi su ne suka fi yawan dagatai (billage heads) bayan rasuwar Makaman Zazzau a 1986 ba gaskiya ba ce. Gundumar Lere tana da dagatai guda 27 a 1986. Ga jerin Dagatan kamar haka: Hausa/Fulani suna da goma sha biyu (12) Lere, dan Alhaji I, Saminaka, Sabon Birni, Tudai, Sigau, Lazuru, Kayarda, Juran Kari, Jama’ar Iya, dan Alhaji II da Maresu; Kurama suna da guda goma (10) Bisalla, Garun Kurama, Abadawa, Gurza, Maigamo, Goron Dutse, Kakun Kurama, Jura, Ukissa da Wuroko. Sauran kabilu kuma suna da guda biyar (5) su ne Gure, Kahugu, Piti, Amo da Kurmin Dodo. 

Sannan maganar yawan jama’a a karamar Hukumar Lere, al’ummar Kurama sun sha fadin sun fi kowa yawan mutane, wanda ba gaskiya ba ce. kidayar yawan jama’a ta kasa (National Census) ta shekarar 2006 a karamar Hukumar Lere mai alkaluma 339,740 ta tabbatar da cewa al’ummar Hausa/Fulani wadanda su ne mafi yawan jama’ar da ke zaune a garuruwan Lere, dan Alhaji I, dan Alhaji II, Doka, Gasakora, Jama’ar Iya, Jurawa, Juran Kari, Kargi, Kayarda, Kwajan, Lazuru, Bauda, Maresu, Saminaka, Sugau, Tudai, Domawa, Maskawa, Sabon Birni, Mariri, Ramin Kura da Jingir ke da alkaluma 190,254 wanda ya zama kashi hamsin da shida a cikin dari na jama’ar yankin (56%).

Kurama su ne mafi yawan jama’ar da ke zaune a garuruwan Bisalla, K/Jura, Luwana, Goron Dutse, Ukissa, Wuroko, Gurza, Abadawa, Bitarana, Kaku, da Maigamo wadanda ke da alkaluma 78,140 wanda shi ne kashi ashirin da uku a cikin dari (23%).

Gure suna da 20,044 wanda ya kama kashi biyar da digo tara (5.9%), Kahugu 13,929 kashi hudu da digo daya (4.1%), Piti 10,872 kashi uku da digo biyu (3.2%).

Sauran kabilun su ne Janji, Amawa, da Rumaiya da suke da 26,500, wato kashi bakwai da digo takwas (7.8%). Wannan kidaya ta yawan jama’a ta musanta da’awar Kurama cewa su ne suka fi yawan mutane. 

Al’ummar Kurama sun taba shigar da kara a Babbar Kotun Jihar Kaduna a 1987 lokacin da Gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna a karkashin jagorancin Kanar Abubakar dangiwa Umar ta amince da nadin Sarkin Lere, Alhaji Umaru Lere a matsayin Hakimin Lere bayan rasuwar tsohon hakimi, Makaman Zazzau, Alhaji Halliru a 1986. Al’ummar Kurama sun nemi kotun ta soke nadin da aka yi saboda wai Gundumar Lere kasarsu ce, kuma sun fi kowace al’umma nasaba da tarihi da yawan jama’a. Bayan an kwashe shekara hudu ana sauraren kara da bayanai na shaidu daga dukan kabilu da al’ummar Gundumar Lere, sai Mai shari’a Ibiyeye ya yanke hukunci a watan Mayun 1991 cewa Sarkin Lere Alhaji Umaru Lere shi ne ya fi dacewa da Hakimcin Lere, kuma al’ummar Kurama karya suke yi game da tarihinsu da yawan al’ummarsu a yankin Gundumar Lere. Mai shari’a Ibiyeye ya ce nadin Sarkin Lere a matsayin Hakimin Lere ya dace saboda dawowa da martabar da masarautar Lere ta rasa fiye da shekara 70 da suka gabata. 

Wani abu da ya kamata mai karatu ya sani shi ne bayan wannan hukunci na Mai shari’a Ibiyeye, al’ummar Kurama sun kasa daukaka kara saboda sun kasa tabbatar da da’awarsu a kotu.

Asalin Kurama wasu kabilu ne na maguzawan Bantu da ke Afirka ta Tsakiya (Central Africa) wadanda suka shigo yankin Afirka ta Yamma a wani karni, suka zauna a Kudancin Daular Borno tare da wasu kabilu. Daga Borno suka shigo kasar Kano zamanin Habe. Bayan jihadin Musulunci a zamanin Sarkin Kano Muhammadu Bello (1882 – 1893) aka kori Kurama daga Kano saboda kangarewansu a wajen tsafi da bautar “Dodo”. Sai Kurama suka shigo kasar Zazzau suka fake a yankin Ikara wajen Anchau lokacin Sarkin Zazzau Usman Yero (1888-1897) a shekarun 1888-89, Sarkin Kano Bello ya shawarci amininsa Sarkin Zazzau Yero da kada ya yarda ya bar Kurama su zauna a ko’ina a kasarsa. A cewarsa Kurama kabilu ne kangararru, masu son tayar da husuma. Amma daga baya saboda gudun barazana da hare-haren Ningawa aka bar su suka samu mafaka a tsaunukan Kudaru.

Kuma maganar neman kirkiro masarautar Kurama mai hedkwata a Saminaka shaci-fadi ne kawai. Domin gaskiyar magana ita ce kwamitin duba yiwuwar kirkiro masarautu na Jihar Kaduna a shekarar 2000 a karkashin marigayi Ferfesa Bashir Ikara bai amince da bai wa Kurama masarauta ba saboda ba su da nasaba da sarauta. Amma  Gwamnatin Jihar Kaduna a wancan lokaci ta yi amfani da karfin mulki ta ba Kurama masarauta domin cimma wata bukata ta siyasa. Shaidar rashin nasabar sarautarsu ta fito fili saboda su Kurama suka kori Sarkin da suka zaba gwamnati ta nada musu wato, Alhaji Tanimu Shu’aibu a shekarar 2001, wanda ya yi sanadiyar tashin hankali da kashe-kashe a garin ’Yar Kasuwa. Kurama sun kori Sarkin daga masarautarsa wai don shi Bakano ne kuma Musulmi ne. Sai ya koma Kaduna da zama, bayan rasuwarsa ne sai kuma suka kawo wani Bakatafe mai suna Mista Ishaku Damina aka nada shi Sarkin Kurama. Wannan shi ya tabbatar da cewa al’ummar Kurama ba su taba yin masarauta da tsarin sarauta ta gado wanda take da gidajen sarauta ba. 

Aliyu Waziri shi ne Galadiman Lere kuma Sakataren Masarautar Lere, a Jihar Kaduna