Tarihin Taliban da yakin shekara 20 a Afghanistan

Abin da za ku so sani kan kungiyar Taliban da yakin Afghanistan bayan 9/11.

Kungiyar Taliban ta sake kwace gwamnati bayan shekara 20 da Amurka ta jagoranci hambarar da mulkinta a kasar.

Ranar Lahadi,  15 ga Agusta, 2021, Taliban ta shiga Fadar Shugaban Kasa, ta sake darewa a kan karagar mulkin Afghanistan bayan makwanni tana samun nasarorin soji.

• Taliban ta bukaci mata su shigo cikin gwamnatinta
• Mayakan Taliban sun harbe masu zanga-zanga

A shekaarar 2001 aka kifar da gwamnatin Taliban a mamayar da Amurka ta jagoranta bayan harin 11 ga Satumba da aka kai a Amurka.

Daga baya, a hankali kungiyar ta sake tattaro mayakanta, har ta samu karfin kai hare-hare a kan dakarun Afghanistan da na kasashen waje a cikin shekara 20 din da suka gabata.

’Yan Taliban (dalibai a yaren Pashto) wadanda ake zargi da tsattsauran ra’ayin Musulunci suna kokarin nuna matsakaici ra’ayi.

Sabon salon mulki

A ranar Talata, kakakin Taliban, Zabihullah Mujahid, ya gabatar da taron manema labarai na farko bayan sun karbi mulki, inda ya sanar da alkawarin kare hakkokin da Allah Ya ba su da kuma ’yancin aikin jarida a kasar.

Ya kuma yi kira ga mata da sauran bangarorin kasar, ciki har da jami’an tsohuwar gwamnati, su shigo a yi tafiya tare da su a gwamnatin kungiyar domin gina kasar da kare al’ummarta.

Kungiyar ta ce a wannan karon shugabanninta za su bayyana fuskokinsu, sannan ta yafe wa duk ’yan kasar da ma ’yan kasashen waje da suka yake ta a baya, ta kuma yi alkawarin kyautata alakar zaman lafiya tsakaninta da kasashen duniya da kuma habaka tattalin arzikin kasar.

Sai dai masu sa ido na kasar ta Afghanistan da ma kasashen duniya na ci gaba da nuna shakku.

Abin da ya kawo Taliban

Kafin a kafa Taliban a shekarun 1990, yawancin mutanen da zuka zama shugabanninta mayakan kungiyar Mujahidan Afganistan ne da suka yaki mamayar Tarayyar Soviet a kasar a shekarun 1980.

Amurka ce a wancan lokacin take ba wa kungiyar Mujahidan makamai da kudade a matsayin wani bangare na manufofinta na yakin cacar baki da take yi da abokiyar gabarta, Tarayyar Soviet.

Ita kuma Tarayyar Soviet a lokacin tana goyon bayan shugabannin gwamnatin kwaminisanci da suka yi wani kazamin juyin mulki a Afghanistan, suka kashe Shugaban Kasar na farko, Mohammad Daoud Khan, a 1978.

Bayan janyewar Tarayyar Soviet a shekarar 1989, sai rikicin shugabanci ya barke a Afghanistan.

A shekarar 1992 kasar ta tsunduma a cikin yakin basasa inda wasu kwamandojin kungiyar Mujahidan da ke son mulki suka raba Kabul, babban birnin kasar — kullum sai ruwan darurwan rokoki a kan juna daga kowane bangare.

Ana cikin haka ne kungiyar Taliban masu dauke da makamai ta fito a matsayin babbar mai taka rawa — a gefe guda — a farkon shekarun 1990.

Akasarain ’yan kungiyar dalibai ne da suka yi karatu a makarantun addini masu ra’ayin rikau a Afghanistan da kuma kan iyakarta da Pakistan.

Gwamnatin Taliban

Cikin dan lokaci Taliban ta yi ta samun nasarori na soji, inda ta yi  nasarar mamaye Kandahar, wanda shi ne birni mafi girma a kasar bayan Kabul.

Bayan kwace Kandahar, Taliban ta yi alkawarin tabbatar da aminci a birnin.

Bayan shekaru ana yaki sai mutane suka karbe su, saboda mutanen sun gaji da kwamandojin Mujahidin da dakarunsu wadanda ake zargi da take hakkokin jama’a da kuma aikata laifukan yaki a kokarinsu na neman iko.

A 1996 ’yan Taliban suka kwace birnin Kabul, suka kuma rataye tsohon Shugaban Kwaminisanci na kasar, Najibullah Ahmadzai, a dandalin taron jama’a.

Kungiya ta kuma ayyana Afghanistan a matsayin Masarautar Musulunci sannan ta fara aiwatar da tsauraran dokokin Musulunci.

A wancan lokacin, kasashe uku ne kawai suka amince da Taliban — Saudiyya, Hadaddiyar Daular Larabawa (UAE) da kuma Pakistan.

Dokoki

Sai dai ba ta sassauta haramcin da ta fara sanyawa a kan wasu abubuwa ba, saboda a cewarta, ta hana yin su ne domin tabbatar da ba a maimaita laifukan da aka yi a lokacin yakin basasa ba.

Dokokin sun da hana mata zuwa makaranta da aikin yi, in banda aikin likita, kuma duk wanda ya saba dokar kuma ana iya daure shi ko a yi masa bulala a bainar jama’a.

An kuma zargi mulkin Taliban din na shekara shida da gallaza wa kabilu da marasa rinjyaje da mabiya tsirarun akidun addini tare da kuma da hana ayyukan makaruhi da abubuwan nishadi kamar kida da kallo talabijin.

Hatta wasanni an tsara su sosai, an kayyade wa ’yan wasa maza abin da za su sanya, ana kuma dakatar da wasannin a lokutan salloli biyar na farilla.

A shekarar 1999, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta sanya wa Taliban takunkumi saboda alakarta da kungiyar Al-Qaeda, wadda ake zargi da harin 9/11 a kasar Amurka.

A watan Maris na 2001, ’yan Taliban suka rushe mutum-mutumin Buddha na tarihi a lardin Bamiyan, wanda ya jawo musu tofin Allah-wadai a duniya.

Mamayar 2001

Amurka ta mamaye Afganistan a ranar 7 ga Oktoba, 2001, bayan da Taliban ta ki mika mata shugaban kungiyar al-Qaeda, Osama bin Laden.

A lokacin Bin Laden na buya a Afghanistan ne bayan shugaban Mujahidai na farko, Abdul Rab Rassool Sayyaf, ya gayyace shi ya dawo kasar.

Ana ganin Bin Laden a matsayin wanda ya jagoranci hare-haren mafiya muni na 9/11 da aka kai a ginin Ma’aikatar Tsaron Amurka (Pentagon) da kuma tagwayen katafarun benaye na Cibiyar Kasuwanci ta Duniya.

Gabanin mamayar ta Amurka, kungiyar ta nemi gwamnatin Amurka Shugaba George W Bush ta kawo hujjojin da ke tabbatar da rawar Bin Laden a harin 9/11; Daga baya ta nemi tattaunawa da Washington amma Bush ya yi watsi da bukatun guda biyun.

A cikin ’yan watanni dakarun da Amurka take jagoranta suka kifar da gwamnatin Taliban bayan luguden bama-baman da Amurka da kawayenta suka yi ta yi a sassan Afghanistan.

Bayan hamabarar da Taliban, a watan Disamban 2001 kuma aka kafa sabuwar gwamnatin rikon kwarya karkashin Hamid Karzai.

Bayan shekaru uka aka fitar da sabon kundin tsarin mulki kasar wadda ta  dauki sahu daga sauye-sauyen da aka yi wa tsarin mulkin kasar na 1960 bayan sarkin kasar na karshe, Mohammad Zahir Shah wanda ya ba wa mata da kananan kabilu hakkokinsu a hukumance.

Amma a shekara ta 2006, Taliban da aka hambarar ta sake hadewa ta kuma tattaro mayakanta suka ci gaba da yakar mamayar da kasashen waje suka yi wa kasar.

Barnar yakin shekara 20

Shekara 20 a aka shafe ana rikici sun lalata Afghanistan, inda aka kashe fararen hula sama da 40,000 a hare-haren da Taliban da na sojojin da Amurka take jagoranta.

An kuma kashe sojoji da ’yan sandan Afganistan 64,000 da kuma sojoji sama da 3,500 na kasashen waje.

A lokuta da dama, fararen hular Afghanistan sun zargi dakarun da Amurka ke jagoranta da aikata fyade da bude wa mutane wuta haka kawai, wani lokaci har a cikin gidajensu, da kuma cin zarafi.

Amurka ta kashe kimanin Dala tiriliyan 1 a kan yakin da kuma ayyukan sake gina Afghanistan amma har yanzu kasar na fama da talauci da karancin abubuwan more rayuwa.

Teburin sulhu

A shekara ta 2011, Gwamnatin Amurka ta Barack Obama ta amince wasu jami’an Taliban su koma kasar Qatar, aka dora musu alhakin aza harsashin tattaunawa ta gaba da gaba da gwamnatin Shugaba Karzai na lokacin.

A 2013 kuma aka bude Ofishin Taliban a hukumance a Doha, babban birnin kasar Qatar, sannan  a 2018 Gwamnatin Amurka ta Donald Trump ta fara tattaunawa kai tsaye da Taliban, amma ba a gayyaci gwamnatin Afghanistan ba.

A ranar 29 ga Fabrairu, 2020, Shugaban Ofishin Siyasa na Taliban a Doha, Abdul Ghani Baradar, ya rattaba hannu a kan yarjejeniya da Amurka.

Kulla yarjejeniyar ce ta share fagen ficewar dakarun Amurka da sauran kasashe daga Afghanistan, ita kuma Taliban ta yi alkawarin daina kai hari a kan sojojin kasashen waje da Amurka take jagoranta.

Yarjejeniyar ce ta kuma kaddamar da tattaunawar zaman lafiya tsakanin Taliban da shugabannin Afghanistan a Doha.

Amma daga bisani Taliban ta ci gaba da kai hare-hare a Afghanistan a yayin da ake ci gaba da tattaunawar.

A ranar Lahadin da ta gabata, mayakan kungiyar suka shiga fadar shugaban kasa, inda suka sake kwace mulkin Afganistan shekara 20 bayan an kore su daga mulki, suka kafa tutarsu.