Tsarin babban manhajar kwamfuta (4)

Hanya ta uku da babbar manhajar kwamfuta ke hada alaka a tsakaninta da gangar-jikin kwamfuta shi ne ta rumbun adireshin masarrafai, wato “System Registry” kenan.  Wannan cibiya babbar matattara ce da ke dauke da bayanin inda kowace manhaja ko masarrafa ke ajiye a kwamfutar.  Idan kana son fahimtar wannan rumbu ka dubi bangaren adana bayanan […]

Hanya ta uku da babbar manhajar kwamfuta ke hada alaka a tsakaninta da gangar-jikin kwamfuta shi ne ta rumbun adireshin masarrafai, wato “System Registry” kenan.  Wannan cibiya babbar matattara ce da ke dauke da bayanin inda kowace manhaja ko masarrafa ke ajiye a kwamfutar.  Idan kana son fahimtar wannan rumbu ka dubi bangaren adana bayanan ma’akatan gwamnati ko hukumomi, wato “Registry.”  A wannan wuri ne jakar bayanin sirrin (Secret File) na kowane ma’aikaci yake. Da zarar ka loda (Install) wa kwamfutarka sabuwar manhaja ko masarrafa (Application/Software), babbar manhaja za ta taskance adireshin inda wannan manhaja da ka loda take.  Ba manhaja kadai ba, hatta na’urar da ka jona wa kwamfutarka, ko da kuwa sau daya ne, nan take babbar manhaja za ta adana suna da lambar wannan na’urar da ka jona wa kwamfutarka.  Da zarar ka sake jona mata a karo na biyu, nan take za ta fahimci cewa a baya an taba loda mata shi, ba sai ta sake neman loda ‘yar karamar masarrafar da ke dauke a na’urar ba, wato “Driber.”  Wannan runbum adireshin bayanai na dauke ne da adireshin duk wani abu da ke tattare da kwamfuta; masarrafa ce, manhaja ce, ko na’ura ce da ke makale a jikinta ko ake jona mata lokaci-lokaci.
Idan kana son ganin wannan rumbun adireshin manhajoji da na’urori, ka je “Start” (idan Widnows 7 ce, ko kasa ta ita), sai ka rubuta “regedit” ka matsa “Enter” nan take za a budo maka.  Amma fa ba za ka iya fahimtar komai a ciki ba idan ba kwararre ba ne kai.  Domin lambobi ne da wasu kalmomi da kwararru ne kadai ke iya saninsu, a makare a ciki.  
Wannan shi ne aiki mai muhimmanci na farko da babbar manhajar kwamfuta ke yi; wato hada alaka tsakaninta ko tsakaninka da gangar-jikin kwamfutar baki daya.  Domin wannan shi ne abin da ke tabbatar da matsayinta da a baya nace: “Babbar manhajar kwamfuta ce ke tafiyar da kwamfutar baki kaya.”  Ka ga kuwa idan ya zama ba ta iya hada alaka tsakaninka ko tsakaninta da gangar-jikin kwamfutar, ba kanta kenan, wai dan sanda ya rasa idanu.
Tsara Bayanan Manhaja
Wannan aiki ne ja, inji mutan danja.  Domin abin da hakan ke nufi shi ne, duk wata manhaja da ke cikin kwamfutar, aikin babbar manhaja ne ta tanadi wurin adana bayanan da suka shafe ta, sannan ta tsara bayanan, ba wai tanada musu mahalli kadai ba.  Misali, idan ka loda wa kwamfutarka manhajar sauraron sauti ko kallon bidiyo mai suna bLC Media Player, babbar manhaja ce za ta loda wannan manhaja a cikin ma’adanar kwamfutar, sannan bude burgamin adana bayanai (Folder) na musamman, da sunan manhajar, ta zuba dukkan bayanan da manhajar ke dauke da su.  Ba wai na sauran manhajoji kadai ba, hatta ita kanta babbar manhaja, a sadda ake loda wa kwamfutar, da kanta ta kirkiri mahallin da za ta rika ajiye bayanan da suka shafe ta.  
Wannan tsari ko aiki na adana bayanan manhaja, tare da tsara su a wuri guda don baiwa mai mu’amala damar amfani da su a duk sadda ya tashi yi, shi ake kira “File Structure.”  
Kamfanin Microsoft na da tsarin adana bayanan manhaja iri biyu, tun sadda ya fara kirkirar babbar manhajar kwamfuta.  Tsarin farko, wanda a halin yanzu ya daina amfani da shi, shi ake kira “File Allocation Table” ko “FAT” a gajarce.  Akwai nau’ukansa da dama, irin su: “FAT,” da “FAT16,” da “FAT32” da dai sauransu.  Tsari ne da ke la’akari da girman mizanin babbar ma’adanar kwamfuta, da girman mizanin babbar maanhaja, wajen adanawa da kuma tsara jakunkunan bayanai da suka shafi masarrafa da dukkan karikitan da ke cikin kwamfuta mai dauke da babbar manhajar Windows.  Nau’i na biyu kuma shi ake kira “New Technology File System” ko “NTFS” a gajarce.  Wannan tsari ya fi nau’in farko inganci, saboda ya fi daukar bayanai masu dimbin yawa a ma’adana, kuma kamfanin Microsoft ya fara amfani da shi ne a babbar manhajar Windows dP, zuwa Windows bista, da Windows 7, sai kuma nau’in Windows 8 da ake yayi a halin yanzu.
Idan mai karatu na son fahimtar yadda babbar manhajar kwamfuta musamman nau’in Windows ke adana bayanan masarrafai ko manhajojin da ke dauke a cikinta, ya shiga: “Computer” ko “My Computer”, ya je ma’adanar “Ma’adanar C” ya budo.  Da zarar ya bude, zai ci karo da burgamin bayanai (Folder)  mai suna: “Program Files.”  Wannan shi ne ke dauke da dukkan masarrafai ko manhajojin da ke cikin kwamfutar, wadanda ba su shafi babbar manhaja ba kai tsaye.  Kada ya kuskura ya goge ko daya daga cikinsu, domin duk wanda aka goge, to manhajar da abin da ya shafa ba zai taba iya budewa ba; ya goge ta kenan gaba daya.  Idan yana son ganin wadanda babbar manhajar ta kirkira na kanta kuma, sai ya gangara can kasa, zai ci karo da burgamin bayanai (Folder) mai suna: “Windows.”  Idan ya budo nan zai ga dukkan bayanan da suka danganci babbar manhajar.  Su wadannan bayanai da zarar ya goge su, to kwamfutar ma ba za ta kara iya tashi ba. Ya kashe ta kenan kurmus, sai an mata sabon zubi.  Sai a kiyaye.
A mako mai zuwa zan kawo ragowar muhimman ayyukan babbar manhajar kwamfuta.  Da fatan mai karatu zai samu lokaci na musamman ya bincika wadannan bayanai da ya karanta a wannan mako, idan yana da kwamfuta kenan.  Wannan zai sa ya samu ksarin fahimta daga kalmomin da suka gabata.