Yadda tattalin arzikin Nijeriya ya tabarbare a cikin shekara 10 da suka gabata

Ba abin da za mu iya yi kan hauhawar farashi, amma za mu iya wani abu kan harkar musayar kudin wajen.

Rashin sanin takamaiman yadda za a tafiyar da tattalin arzikin Nijeriya na daga cikin dalilan koma-bayansa na tsawon wasu shekaru.

Ana samun biliyoyin Dala kafin 2015. Daga 2012 zuwa 2013 tattalin arzikin Nijeriya ya bunkasa da kaso 12.7, inda ake samu daga Dala biliyan 270 zuwa Dala Biliyan 510 abin da ya mayar da Nijeriya giwar Afrika a fannin tattalin arziki.

• An tarwatsa masu zanga-zanga da barkonon tsohuwa a Gonin Gora
• An Kama ’Yan Fashin Da Suka Kashe ’Yar NYSC A Binuwai

An danganta karuwar kudin da aka samu na kaso 90% ga fannonin sadarwa da na finafinai da sauransu da a baya ba a lissafawa da su.

Sai dai a binciken Aminiya na tsawon shekara 10 a kan alkaluman tattalin arzikin kasar daga 2013 zuwa 2023 ta gano yadda hauhawar farashin kayayyaki ke dada hauhawa.

Cikin bayanan da jaridar ta samu daga Babban Bankin Najriya (CBN) sun nuna Nijeriya na da kaso 8.5 na karuwar farashin kayayyaki 2013, inda ta fara shekarar da kaso 9 a watan Janairu sannan ta kare shekarar da kaso 8.

Ta kasance a matsakaicin mataki na kaso 8.1 na karuwar farashin kayayyakin a 2014.

A 2015 kuwa ta kasance a kaso 9.01, inda ta fara shekarar da kaso 8.2 a watan Janairu sannan ta karkare shekarar a watan Disamba da kaso 9.55.

A 2016 kuwa karuwar farashin ya cilla ne da kaso 15.6, domin ta fara shekarar ne da kaso 9.62 amma zuwa karshen shekarar ta kai kaso 18.55.

An samu dan tsaiko a 2017, inda ta dan jima a kaso 16.5. An fara shekarar da kaso 18.72 a watan Janairu sannan aka karkare shekarar a watan Disamba da kaso 15.37.

A 2018 alkalmun sun sauko kasa zuwa kaso 12.13 domin an fara shekarar ne da kaso 15.1 a Janairu zuwa 11.44 a watan Disamba.

An ci gaba samun hauhawar farashi daga 2019, inda farashin kayayyakin masarufi ya kai kashi 11.3 wanda ya haura daga 11.37 zuwa 11.98 a watan Disambar shekarar.

Sannan a 2022 farashin ya haura da kaso 18.7 daga 15.6, inda ya cilla zuwa 21.34 a watan Disamba.

Game da 2023 kuwa, alkalama sun karu ne da kaso 24.52, inda ya fara da kaso 21.82 a watan Janairu ya cilla zuwa kaso 28.92 a watan Disamba.

Karyewar darajar Naira Nijeriya ta ci gaba da fuskantar hauhawar farashin kayayyaki a sakamakon tasirin da Dala ke da shi a kan tattalin arzikin kasar sakamakon dogaro da Dalar na Amurka na tsawon shekaru.

Nijeriya tana dogaro ne da shigo da abubuwan bukatun mutanenta daga waje, wanda tsananin bukatar Dala ke yi wa Naira hawan kawara.

Bayanan da Aminiya ta samu daga Babban Bankin Nijeriya (CBN) sun nuna yadda hauhawar Dala daga Naira 159.3 a 2013 zuwa Naira 164.9 a 2014 daga nan ya haura zuwa Naira 195.5 a 2015.

A 2016 Dalar ta kai Naira 253.5, sannan ta koma Naira 305.7 a 2017. A 2018 kuwa Dalar ta kai Naira 306, yayin da a 2019 ta kai Naira 306.9.

A 2020 kuwa Dalar ta kai Naira 358, sannan ta kara hawa zuwa Naira 435 a 2021 da kuma 461 a 2022, inda zuwa 2023 a cilla zuwa Naira 900.

Tsadar abinci ya haura zuwa kaso 186

Tsadar kayayyakin abinci a Nijeriya ya haura sama, inda hakan ke ragewa dan Nijeriya adadin abin da zai iya adanawa daga kudaden shigar da yake samu.

Bayanai daga Bankin CBN sun nuna hauhawar farashin kayayyakin abinci ya cilla daga kaso 9.7 a 2013.

Sannan a 2018 ya karu da kaso 9.4. Ya kara kuma haurawa a 2016 da kaso 14.8 yayin da a 2017 ya haura zuwa kaso 19.5.

Daga nan ya dan sauko zuwa 14.4 a 2018 da kuma kaso 13.7 a 2019. Sai dai a 2020 farashin ya cilla da kaso 16.1 da kuma zuwa kaso 20.4 a 2021 da kaso 20.8 a 2022 sannan ya koma kaso 27.7 a 2023.

Karin kaso 400 a farashin buhun shinkafa mai nauyin kilo 50 cikin shekara 10 Yanayin hauhawar farashi ya shafi buhun shinkafa mai nauyin kilo 50 inda farashinsa ya yi tashin gwauron zabo.

Farashin shinkafa wadda ta kasance abincin da ake ci a kusan kowane gida ya nunnunka mafi karancin albashin matsakaicin ma’aikaci.

Farashin ya fara ne daga Naira dubu 12 a 2013, amma ya dan yi sauki zuwa dubu 10 a 2014, inda ya ci gaba da kasancewa a wannan farashi har zuwa 2015, kafin daga bisani a 2016 aka kara zuwa Naira dubu 13.

A 2017 buhun shinkafa mai nauyin keji 50 ya koma Naira dubu 16 sannan ya koma dubu 18 da 500 a 2018.

A 2019 ya haura zuwa Naira dubu 19 da 500, sannan ya koma Naira dubu 26 a 2020. An dan samu saukin farashinsa a 2021, inda ya dawo Naira dubu 25 kafin ya sake tashin gwauron zabo zuwa Naira dubu 40 a 2022.

Farashin ya sake cillawa zuwa Naira dubu 60 a 2023, wanda kuma a halin yanzu ana sayar da shi sama da Naira dubu N70 a kasuwanni daban-daban a Nijeriya.

Karin kaso 209 kan keji 2 na buhun fulawar Golden Penny cikin shekara 6 Farashin wasu kayayyakin abinci da Hukumar Kididdiga ta Kasa (NBS) ta fitar ya nuna karin farashin kilo biyu ba buhun filawar Golden Penny daga Naira 639.24 a 2017 zuwa Naira 662.89 a 2018, sannan daga Naira 676.2 a 2019 zuwa Naira 749.8 a 2020.

Farashin ya sake haurawa daga Naira 967.46 a 2021 zuwa Naira 1,203.88 a 2022, inda ya koma Naira 1,976.5 a 2023.

Farashin buhun masara mai nauyin kilo 1 ya karu da kaso 257 cikin shekaru 6 Masara ma da ake sarrafa ta kusan a kowane gida don yin abinci farashinta ya haura.

Alkaluman Hukumar NBS suna cewa, farashin kwanon masara ya tashi a 2017 daga Naira 161.90 zuwa Naira 160.42 a 2018.

Haka kuma ya tashi daga Naira 153 a 2019 zuwa Naira 207.51 a 2020, inda daga nan ya kuma cillawa zuwa Naira 274.39 a 2021 zuwa Naira 329.05 a 2022, wanda daga bisani ya koma Naira 589.7 a 2023.

Farashin siminti ya haura da kaso 150 cikin shekara 10 Kamar yadda kafafen yada labarai suka nuna, buhun siminti mai nauyin kilo 50 ya tashi daga Naira dubu 2 a 2013 zuwa Naira dubu 4.

Buhun simintin da ake siyarwa kan Naira dubu 2 da 500 a 2013 ya yo kasa zuwa Naira dubu 2 a 2014, inda ya ci gaba da zama a haka har kusan 2015 kafin ya koma Naira dubu 2 da 300 a 2016.

A 2017 kuwa, farashin ya haura zuwa tsakanin Naira dubu 2 da 700 zuwa Naira dubu 2 da 800.

A 2018 kuwa farashin ya sauka, inda ya dawo zuwa Naira dubu 2 da 570. Sai dai a 2020 ya haura zuwa Naira dubu 3 da 600.

A 2021 kuwa farashin na simintin ya cilla zuwa Naira dubu 4, wanda a 2021 ya tafi zuwa dubu 4 da 200, yayin da a 2022 ya koma Naira dubu 5,000 a 2023.

Farashin mai ya karu da kaso 570 cikin shekara 10 Hako man fetur a kasar bai taka rawar a-zo-a-gani ba wajen saukin farashinsa a kasar ba.

Man da ake sayar da kowace lita daya a kan Naira 97 a 2013, an zabtare shi zuwa Naira 87 a 2015, inda ya kuma haurawa zuwa Naira 145 a 2016.

Hakazalika ya sake dawowa Naira 125 a 2020, wanda daga nan ya kara gaba zuwa Naira 165. A 2021 ya koma Naira 195 a 2022.

A sakamakon cire tallafin mai da aka yi a watan Mayun 2023, farashin man ya koma ana sayar da shi Naira 617 a kan kowace lita.

Farashin gas na girki kuwa ana sayar tukunyar gas mai nauyin kilo 12.5 ne a kan Naira dubu 2 da 700 a 2013 kafin ya koma Naira dubu 3 a 2014.

A 2015 kuwa ya haura zuwa Naira 3 da 300 sannan ya koma zuwa Naira dubu 4 a 2016 kafin daga bisani a 2017 ya koma zuwa Naira 4 da 452.83.

A 2018 farashin ya koma Naira dubu 4 da 332 kafin ya sauko zuwa Naira 4 da 176.20 a 2019.

Daga Naira dubu 4 da 121.15 a watan Nuwamban 2019 ya koma Naira dubu 4 da 082 a 2020. Daga 2021 farashin gas din girki ya cilla zuwa Naira dubu 7 da 332.04, sannan a 2022 ya koma Naira dubu 10 da 248.97, inda daga nan kuma a 2023 ya koma Naira dubu 11 da 155.15.

Sau daya aka yi karin albashi Duk da irin tashin gwauron zabo da kayayyaki ke ta yi, sau daya ne Gwamnatin Tarayya ta yi karin mafi karancin albashi ga ma’aikatanta.

Karin albashin da aka yi a 2019 ne ya kai Naira dubu 30 daga Naira dubu 18 a matsayin mafi karancin albashi.

Sai dai ci gaba da faduwar darajar Naira da tsadar Dala a kasuwa ya jefa ‘yan kasa cikin matsannancin yanayi.

Ma’aikata da ‘yan fansho sun koka Wata ma’aikaciya mai suna Abigail Daniel ta ce tana hannu baka ne hannu kwarya, ta yadda ba ta iya adana komai daga albashin da take karba saboda tsadar kayayyaki.

“Albashin ba ya karuwa kamar yadda farashin kayayyaki ke karuwa a cikin kasuwa. Farashin abin da ka siya yau a kasuwa, yana canzawa zuwa jimawa idan ka dawo.

“Ina jin kamar ina cikin kangin bauta ce domin ban ga abin da nake tsinanawa a rayuwata ba.

“ Idan har na cinye duk albashina a kan abinci kawai, ta ina zan samu abin da zan kula da kaina ko ‘ya’yana a lokacin lalura ko bukata ta gaggawa?

“Ta yaya zan iya taimaka wa maigidana idan bukatar hakan ta taso,” Daniel ta ce tsananin ya kai ga iyalinta na dogaro ne da bashin kayan abinci da take karba daga abokan kasuwancinta kafin a biya ta albashin.

Shi kuma wani tsohon ma’aikaci da yake karbar fansho mai suna Abdulrasheed Oladayo cewa ya yi, tun bayan ritayarsa daga aiki bai san yadda zai iya tunkarar kalubalen rayuwa ba, bayan aikin koyarwa da ya samu daga wata makaranta mai zaman kanta.

“Kana bukatar karfin tawakkali kafin ka iya jure wahalar da muka tsinci kanmu a ciki a halin yanzu ta matsin tattalin arziki.

“Na gode wa Allah da Ya sa ina zaune ne a gidana na kaina. Ina da motar da take dauka na zuwa wajen da nake koyarwa, amma a halin da ake ciki yanzu na tsadar mai ta yaya zan iya tuka kaina zuwa wajen aikin?

“Albashin ba zai kai min ba kuma kullum karfina karewa yake yi, dole in dogara da kudin fanshona, amma ya na iya da dan abin da bai taka kara ya karya ba na fanshon”, in ji shi.

Shi kuwa Ibrahim Sadam, wani ma’aikaci cewa ya yi: “Ina dan tagazawa da dan abin da nake samu a wata masana’anta a nan Kaduna, amma tun bayan da kamfanin ta zabge ma’aikata sai na shiga cikin wani hali kuma na kasa samun wani aikin.

“Ina da mata da ‘ya’ya hudu da suke karkashina, amma ta ina zan fara yanzu babu aiki”

Rashin aiwatar da tsari mai kyau ne dalilin tabarbarewar tattalin arziki — Masana

Wani babban masanin tattalin arziki, Paul Alaje ya ce, rashin aiwatar da kudurori da dokoki ne dalilin ci gaba da tabarbarewar tattalin arzikin kasar.

A tattaunawarsa da Aminiya, Alaje ya ce:“Idan ka kalli farashin kayan abinci sannan ga karancin shi kansa abincin, hakan zai haifar da wahalar abincin a bana.

“Yanayin samar da man fetur ma daya ne daga cikin dalilan hauhawar farashin kayayyaki.

“Mafitar kawai ita ce habaka harkar noma da fannin gona ta hanyar aiwatar da dokoki daga gwamnati a cikin gonakin da ke kowace karamar hukuma.

“Nijeriya na bukatar masu zuba hannun jari kai tsaye, amma ba za mu iya jawo su ba ko da kuwa za a sayar da Dala kan Naira 5,000.

“Babu wanda zai zo kasar da ba shi da natsuwa kuma kudinta ba shi da tabbas,” in ji shi.

Shi ma wani kwararre a fannin tattalin arziki, Dokta Ayo Teriba ya ce, rugujewar tattalin arzikin Nijeriya ta faru ne tun daga farashin kayayyakin abinci a duniya, bayan rugujewar farashin a 2014.

Teriba ya ce: “Dalilin hauhawar farashin shi ne yadda tattalin arzikin kasar ke karyewa a matakai daban-daban.

“Ba abin da za mu iya yi game da hauhawar farashi, amma za mu iya yin wani abu game da harkar musayar kudin wajen.

“Mun tsaya muna ta kwangaba-kwan-baya ne tsakanin man fetur da gas kawai, maimakon irin yadda kasar Indiya ta bi, inda take samun Dala biliyan tun daga 2015.

“A 2015 lokacin da canjin kudi ya kai Naira 510 a kasuwannin bayan fage, mutane sun nuna fargabarsu na haurawa zuwa Naira 1000, amma sannu a hankali aka dawo da shi zuwa Naira 360 kuma ya ci gaba da tsayawa a haka har bayan shekara uku lokacin bayyanar annobar Kwarona.

“Abin da ya kamata mu sa a gaba ke nan yanzu, kada mu razana, mu duba rarar kudinmu, mu ga ta yadda za mu dawo da shi kasa da Naira 500 kamar yadda muka gani a 2017.

Hauhawar farashin zai sauko nan da wata 18. Idan har muka iya daidaita harkar musayar kudin waje to hauhawar farashin ma da kansa zai sauko kuma darajar Naira za ta farfado,” inji shi.

Nijeriya na iya fadawa cikin rikici saboda tsadar rayuwa — AfDB

Bankin Raya Afirka (AfDB) ya yi gargadin cewa tsadar rayuwa da ake fama da ita a Nijeriya na iya haddasa barkewar rikici a kasar.

AfDB ya yi gargadin ne a cikin rahotonsa na tattalin arziki da kuma hasashen shekarar 2024 inda ya yi hasashen tattalin arzikin nahiyar Afirka zai karu sama da kashi 3.2 cikin 100 da aka samu a shekarar 2023.

’Yan Nijeriya a jihohin Kano da Neja da Legas da sauransu sun gudanar da zanga-zangar nuna adawa da tsadar rayuwa da ake fama da ita a kasar.

Haka kuma Kungiyar Kwadago ta yi barazanar fara zanga-zangar lumana a makon nan kuma ta aiwatar domin nuna rashin jin dadin tsadar rayuwa da kasar ke ciki.

Shugaban NLC, Joe Ajaero, ya ce sun dauki matakin ne bayan cikar wa’adin kwana14 da suka bai wa gwamnati na magance wahalhalun da ake sha a kasar.

Ana dora alhakin tsadar rayuwa a kasar kan cire tallafin man fetur da gwamnati ta yi da kuma faduwar darajar Naira.

A ranar Labarar makon jiya, Sarkin Musulmi kuma Shugaban Majalisar Sarakunan Arewa, Muhammad Sa’ad Abubakar, ya shaida wa wani zaman da suka yi a Kaduna cewa miliyoyin matasan da ke zaune babu aikin yi babban hatsari ne ga kasar.

Kafin nan, a ranar Litinin ta makon jiya, Sarkin Kano, Aminu Ado Bayero, ya bayyana cewa ’yan Nijeriya na cikin wahala sosai, inda ya bukaci Uwargidan Shugaban Kasa, Sanata Oluremi Tinubu -wadda ta ziyarci fadarsa – da ta isar da sakon ga mijinta domin a dauki matakin da ya dace.

A ranar Larabar dai ta makon jiya, Ministan Noma da Samar da Abinci, Abubakar Kyari, ya ba wa ’yan Nijeriya tabbacin gwamnati za ta raba hatsi kyauta.

A karshen makon jiya AfDB ya yi gargadin cewa rikicerikicen cikin gida na iya tasowa a sakamakon karin kudin wutar lantarki da na kayan masarufi baya ga faduwar darajar Naira da cire tallafin makamashi a kasashen Nijeriya, Angola, Kenya da Habasha.

Farashin abinci ya fara sauka Sai dai kuma a wani cigaban daban, farashin abinci ya fara sauka a wasu jihohi, musamman jihohin Kano da Taraba da Neja.

Aminiya ta ruwaito an gudanar da zanga-zangar tsadar rayuwa a jihohin Neja da Legas da Kano da birnin Ibadan an Jihar Oya.

Haka kuma manyan kasar, ciki har da Mai alfarma Sarkin Musulmi, Muhammad Sa’ad da Sarkin Kano Alhaji Aminu Ado Bayero da tsohon Mataimakin Shugaban Kasa Atiku Abubakar da Kungiar Dattawan Arewa da sauransu sun yi kira ga Gwamnatin Tarayya ta magance matsalar.

Shi ma Shugaban Kasa Bola Tinubu a ranar Alhamis ta makon jiya ya zauna da gwamnoni, inda suka tattauna hanyoyin da za a bi wajen kawo sauki.

A Jihar Kano, Aminiya ta gano farashi wake da masara da waken suya da shinkafa sun sauka a kasuwannin Doguwa da Bunkure da Tudun Wada.

Wani dan kasuwa mai suna Hudu Faruk ya danganta samamen da aka kai a rumbunan abincin jihar da saukowar farashin abincin.

A wasu kasuwannin Kano, farashin masara mai nauyin kilo 100 ya dawo tsakanin Naira 48,000 zwa 50,000 a ranar Litinin da muke hada wannan rahoton, maimakon tsakanin Naira 58,000 zuwa 60,000 da ake sayarwa a makon jiya.

Farashin wake ya dawo Naira 85,000 daga Naira 94,000 da ake sayarwa.

A Jihar Taraba, a Kasuwar Maihula, wani manomi ya ce masara ta sauko daga Naira 54,000 zuwa 40,000.

Sannan mudun shinkafa ’yar gida ya koma Naira 1,700 daga Naira 2,300, sannan mudun wake ya koma Naira 1,600 daga 2,100.

Haka lamarin yake a Jihar Kwara da Neja, inda Aminiya ta lura kayayyakin masarufi da dama sun sauko.

Sai dai Aminiya ta lura a wasu jihohin, farashin bai sauko, kamar a jihohin Binuwei da Katsina, inda ake kwan-gaba-kwan-baya har zuwa lokacin hada wannan rahoton.

Daga cikin abubuwan da suka jawo saukowar farashin kayayyakin abincin, akwai dakatarwar da manyan kamfanonin abincin kaji da suka yi wajen sayan masara da sauransu.